Contrary to many misconceptions, scoliosis is not caused by poor posture held for prolonged periods, but is generally the result of a congenital malformation of the vertebral bodies (whether inherited or caused by environmental factors), genetic diseases, neuromuscular problems, or leg length discrepancies. Other causes of scoliosis may include cerebral palsy, spina bifida, muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, and tumors.

The symptoms of scoliosis vary from person to person. Common signs include:

• Uneven shoulder height
• Head off-center relative to the pelvis
• Raised and prominent hip
• Uneven ribcage or rib prominence when bending
• Irregular hips
• Changes in sk
  

The diagnosis of scoliosis is made through imaging of the spine using X-rays, spinal radiography, CT scan, or MRI. The curvature of the spine is measured and expressed in degrees. A curvature is generally considered significant if it exceeds 25-30 degrees. Curvatures over 45-50 degrees are considered more severe.

Mild scoliosis typically does not require active treatment, while more severe cases or those that rapidly worsen may require surgical intervention. Surgery may be considered for curvatures greater than 45 degrees in adults, or for cases where wearing an orthopedic brace has not been effective. The goal of surgical treatment may be to halt the progression of the curve or correct the spinal deformity.